1. Anaphora: Repeating words or phrases at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
* Example from "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King Jr.: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with words of interposition and nullification - one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers."
* Example from "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe: "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, / Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore - / While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, / As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."
2. Epistrophe: Repeating words or phrases at the end of successive clauses or sentences.
* Example from "The Gettysburg Address" by Abraham Lincoln: "Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth."
* Example from "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost: "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, / And sorry I could not travel both / And be one traveler, long I stood / And looked down one as far as I could / To where it bent in the undergrowth; ... / I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence: / Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference."
3. Symploche: Combining anaphora and epistrophe, repeating words or phrases at both the beginning and end of successive clauses or sentences.
* Example from "The Jungle Book" by Rudyard Kipling: "For the strength of the pack is the wolf, and the strength of the wolf is the pack."
* Example from "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien: "All that is gold does not glitter, / Not all those who wander are lost; / The old that is strong does not wither, / Deep roots are not reached by the frost."
4. Diacope: Repeating a word or phrase with one or two words in between.
* Example from "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare: "To be or not to be, that is the question."
* Example from "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald: "I hope she'll be a fool - that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool."
5. Chiasmus: Repeating words or phrases in a reversed order.
* Example from "The Bible" (John 12:24): "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit."
* Example from "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger: "You have to be a good listener, and you have to be a good talker. You have to be a good actor. You have to be a good faker. You have to be a good liar."
These are just a few examples of how repetition can be used in literature. By using repetition, writers can create a variety of effects, from emphasizing a point to evoking an emotion.