1. Research topic selection:
- Research questions and objectives are defined.
- The research topic is identified based on research interests and the field of inquiry.
2. Review literature and preliminary research:
- Understanding existing research on the topic
- Conducting background research to get a deeper understanding of the research context.
3. Gaining access to the research site:
- Establishing contact with gatekeepers and key informants.
- Negotiating entry and obtaining permission to conduct research.
4. Extended immersion and observation:
- Participant observation involves deep engagement in the field site for an extended period.
- Fieldnotes are written to record observations, conversations, and experiences.
5. Data collection methods:
- Interviews and focus groups are conducted with key informants and members of the research group.
- Recordings, photographs, or videos may be collected.
6. Building rapport and trust:
- Establishing a rapport with participants is essential for obtaining rich data.
- Building trust allows participants to open up and share their perspectives.
7. Data analysis and interpretation:
- Field notes, transcripts, and other data are analyzed qualitatively.
- Themes and patterns emerge, leading to insights and understanding.
8. Ethical considerations:
- Respecting the privacy and anonymity of participants.
- Ensuring ethical principles are upheld throughout the research process.
9. Write-up and dissemination:
- Writing research papers, articles, or reports to present the findings.
- Sharing the research results with the broader academic community and stakeholders.
10. Continued interaction:
- Maintaining connections with participants and the field site, contributing to ongoing research and understanding.