While there's no single dominant metaphor, here are some key ones that contribute to the novel's themes:
1. The Monster as a Mirror to Society:
* The monster's physical appearance: The monster is described as grotesque and hideous, reflecting society's fear and prejudice towards the "other" and the unknown. He is often depicted as a warped reflection of humanity, highlighting our own flaws and fears.
* The monster's intellectual development: He learns to read and reason, demonstrating that he is capable of more than his physical appearance suggests. This challenges the idea that outward appearances dictate inner worth, echoing the societal prejudice faced by those who are different.
2. Creation and Responsibility:
* Victor Frankenstein as a "creator" of the monster: His actions are likened to playing God, showcasing the dangers of ambition unchecked by ethical considerations. The consequences of his hubris highlight the responsibility that comes with scientific advancement and the potential for unintended consequences.
* The monster's creation as a "burden" for Victor: Victor struggles with the guilt and responsibility for the monster's existence, symbolizing the burden of choices we make and their impact on others.
3. The Nature vs. Nurture Debate:
* The monster's initial innocence: The monster is born innocent and desires love and acceptance. However, he is rejected and abused, leading him down a path of vengeance and isolation. This raises questions about the role of nature versus nurture in shaping an individual's character and behavior.
* The cyclical nature of violence: The monster's pursuit of revenge mirrors the violence inflicted upon him by society. This reinforces the idea that violence breeds more violence and the importance of understanding and compassion.
4. Isolation and Loneliness:
* The monster's exile from society: He is ostracized and rejected due to his appearance, symbolizing the pain of isolation and the need for human connection.
* Victor's isolation in his pursuit of knowledge: Victor becomes consumed by his work, isolating himself from others and neglecting his own wellbeing. This highlights the dangers of obsession and the importance of human connection.
5. The Search for Identity:
* The monster's struggle to define himself: He is constantly searching for his place in the world and struggles with the consequences of his existence. This mirrors the universal human search for identity and meaning.
These are just a few examples of the metaphors present in "Frankenstein". The novel's rich symbolism allows for multiple interpretations, prompting readers to reflect on broader themes about humanity, morality, and the consequences of our actions.