* Flaubert: Flaubert is often associated with Realism, but his novels are more accurately categorized as literary realism. This movement emphasized precise observation and detailed descriptions of everyday life, but it also used psychological introspection and symbolism.
* Examples: *Madame Bovary* (1857) and *Sentimental Education* (1869) are considered classics of literary realism. They depict the struggles and disillusionment of individuals in a complex and changing society.
* Dickens: Dickens is known for his social realism, which highlighted the injustices and inequalities of Victorian England. His novels are often seen as satirical, using humor and exaggeration to expose social problems.
* Examples: *Oliver Twist* (1838), *A Tale of Two Cities* (1859), and *Great Expectations* (1861) all explore the harsh realities of poverty, social injustice, and the effects of social climbing.
Key Differences:
* Focus: While both authors depicted everyday life, Flaubert focused on individual psychology and inner struggles, while Dickens primarily addressed social issues and systemic problems.
* Style: Flaubert's writing was more elegant and refined, often employing literary devices and symbolism. Dickens' writing was more direct and often used melodrama and humor to engage readers.
* Tone: Flaubert's works tend to be more pessimistic and disillusioned, while Dickens' works often express optimism and hope for societal change.
In conclusion: While both Flaubert and Dickens were masters of their craft, their works differed in terms of their focus, style, and tone. While both have elements of realism, they each contributed uniquely to the literary landscape, and their works should be analyzed in their respective historical and literary contexts.