1. Influenced by Utilitarianism: Dickens' early works were influenced by the utilitarian philosophy, which emphasized social utility and the prevention of harm. He depicted crime as a result of social and economic conditions, suggesting that poverty, ignorance, and the lack of opportunities were root causes of criminal behavior.
2. Advocated for Rehabilitation: Dickens believed that punishment should focus on rehabilitation rather than solely on retribution. He portrayed characters who, despite committing crimes, possessed redeeming qualities and could be reformed through compassion, education, and positive influences.
3. Critique of the Penal System: Dickens criticized the harshness and inefficiencies of the penal system during his time. He highlighted the inhumane conditions in prisons and the ineffectiveness of corporal punishment and transportation as deterrents to crime.
4. Exploring Redemption and Forgiveness: Dickens' works often explored the themes of redemption and forgiveness. Characters who had committed crimes were given opportunities to repent, learn from their mistakes, and reintegrate into society. He believed in the potential for human transformation.
5. Social Responsibility: Dickens emphasized the importance of social responsibility and philanthropy in addressing the root causes of crime. He believed that society should provide education, employment opportunities, and support to individuals who were at risk of turning to crime.
6. Later Shift in Views: In his later works, Dickens shifted towards a more conservative stance on crime and punishment, reflecting a societal trend during that period. He placed a greater emphasis on the enforcement of laws and the need for individuals to take responsibility for their actions.
7. Influence on Social Reform: Dickens' writings, with their vivid portrayal of the lives of the poor and marginalized, contributed to the social reform movements of his time. His advocacy for improved living conditions, accessible education, and a fairer justice system influenced public discourse and policy changes.
Overall, Charles Dickens' views on crime and punishment evolved throughout his career, encompassing notions of rehabilitation, critique of the penal system, the possibility of redemption, and the importance of social responsibility. His works continue to inspire conversations and debates about the complexities of crime and justice systems.