1. Internal Struggles: Holden's internal conflicts often involve religious concepts and symbols, reflecting his search for meaning and purpose in life. He questions God's existence, the concept of sin, and the nature of morality, revealing his intellectual and spiritual struggles.
2. Symbols and Allusions: Salinger incorporates various religious symbols and allusions in the novel. For instance, the red hunting hat that Holden often wears can be interpreted as a symbol of his search for identity and protection, reminiscent of a crown of thorns. Additionally, Holden's use of the prayer "Jesus Christ" as an expression of surprise or frustration alludes to the religious significance of the phrase.
3. Rejection of Societal Norms: Holden's criticism of society often extends to religious hypocrisy. He dismisses many adults as "phonies" who only go to church to conform, showcasing his disillusionment with organized religion and conventional societal expectations.
4. Searching for Authentic Connections: Holden's longing for authentic connections and his desire to be a "catcher in the rye" who protects children from falling, can be seen as a representation of his search for spiritual guidance and a genuine sense of belonging.
5. Religious Education and Symbolism: Holden's reflections on his religious education at Pencey Prep and other schools reveal his skepticism toward conventional religious teachings and practices. He struggles with the notion of praying for material desires, questioning the sincerity of such prayers. Additionally, the descriptions of the chapel at Pencey Prep, including the stained-glass windows and hymnals, add to the religious symbolism in the novel.
Overall, while religion is not a central focus in "The Catcher in the Rye," it intersects with Holden Caulfield's experiences, thoughts, and emotions, providing insights into his character development, internal conflicts, and search for meaning in a world that he often perceives as superficial and corrupt.