1. Class divisions: The play presents a stark contrast between the lives of the affluent, upwardly mobile characters, represented by the 'stag' party led by the successful property developer Gavin, and the working-class characters, represented by the 'hen' party led by Linda, a hairdresser. Russell emphasizes the disparities in economic opportunities, social status, and aspirations between these groups.
2. Gentrification and displacement: The play highlights the consequences of gentrification and the displacement of the working class from their traditional communities. The redevelopment plans led by Gavin and his associates threaten the livelihoods and homes of Linda's friends and family. Russell shows how urban renewal projects can disrupt the lives of ordinary people, leading to a sense of loss, alienation, and anxiety about the future.
3. Family relationships and responsibilities: The play delves into the complex relationships and responsibilities within working-class families. Linda's strained relationship with her alcoholic father and her struggles to take care of her younger siblings reflect the challenges faced by many working-class households. Russell explores the importance of family bonds and the sacrifices people make to support their loved ones.
4. Gender roles and expectations: "Stags and Hens" also examines gender roles and expectations in the context of working-class society. Linda's character challenges conventional gender norms by being the breadwinner and the one responsible for organizing her hen party. The play also explores the pressures faced by women to conform to societal expectations of marriage and motherhood.
5. Identity and belonging: The play emphasizes the importance of identity and belonging, especially for characters from marginalized backgrounds. Linda and her friends' strong attachment to their community, their local pub, and their traditions highlights their need to maintain a sense of identity amidst the changes brought by gentrification. Russell suggests that belonging is vital for individuals to feel rooted and secure in an uncertain world.
6. Economic hardships: The play sheds light on the harsh economic realities faced by working-class individuals. The characters grapple with financial difficulties, unemployment, and the erosion of local industries. Russell portrays the struggles of individuals caught in a system that seems to favor the wealthy and privileged, exacerbating the class divisions in society.
7. Urban landscape: The setting of Liverpool, a city undergoing significant urban transformation, plays an integral role in the play. The changing cityscape and the loss of familiar landmarks symbolize the loss of a sense of place and history experienced by the working-class characters. Russell uses the urban landscape to reflect the social changes taking place in the city and their impact on the lives of its inhabitants.