* Innocence and naivety: Bruno's age allows the reader to experience the events of the Holocaust through the filter of a child who doesn't fully understand the horrors happening around him. This innocence makes the story even more tragic, as Bruno's actions are driven by childlike curiosity and a lack of understanding of the true nature of the concentration camp.
* Universality: A child's perspective on the world resonates with readers of all ages. It transcends cultural and historical barriers, making the story relatable and emotionally impactful.
* Moral ambiguity: Bruno's actions, driven by childish naivety, blur the lines of morality. He doesn't have the capacity to grasp the full weight of the situation, yet his actions have devastating consequences. This ambiguity forces the reader to confront uncomfortable questions about the nature of good and evil, and the role of ignorance in perpetuating atrocities.
* Emotional impact: Bruno's vulnerability and innocence amplify the emotional impact of the story. The reader is forced to confront the brutality of the Holocaust through the eyes of a child, making it even more harrowing and heartbreaking.
* Focus on human connection: By focusing on the relationship between Bruno and Shmuel, the boy on the other side of the fence, Boyne highlights the inherent humanity that transcends even the most brutal systems of oppression.
In essence, using a nine-year-old narrator allows Boyne to explore the complexities of the Holocaust through a fresh and unconventional lens. The story becomes a powerful indictment of the dangers of ignorance, the tragedy of lost innocence, and the enduring power of human connection.