What to Include:
* Restated Thesis (but refined): Briefly remind the reader of your central argument, but phrase it differently than in your introduction. Show how your analysis has strengthened or nuanced your initial claim. Don't just parrot the introduction.
* Synthesis of Main Points: Briefly summarize the main supporting points of your essay, emphasizing the relationships between them. Show how each point contributes to the overall argument. This is not a list, but a concise and connected overview.
* Key Insights and Interpretations: Highlight the most significant discoveries or interpretations you've made during your analysis. This is where you show the value of your essay – what new understanding have you offered?
* Larger Implications (optional): If appropriate, briefly suggest the broader implications of your analysis. How does your interpretation of the music contribute to a larger understanding of the composer, genre, historical period, or musical theme?
What to Avoid:
* Simply repeating your introduction: This is redundant and shows a lack of depth in your analysis.
* Introducing new information: The conclusion is not the place for new arguments or evidence.
* Making overly broad or unsupported generalizations: Your conclusion should be grounded in the evidence you've presented in the essay.
* Apologizing for your argument: Have confidence in your analysis!
* Ending abruptly: A strong conclusion leaves a lasting impression on the reader.
Example:
Let's say your essay analyzed the use of dissonance in Beethoven's late string quartets. A weak conclusion might simply restate the thesis: "Beethoven's late string quartets use dissonance to express profound emotional depth."
A strong conclusion would synthesize the arguments: "Through an examination of the specific dissonant harmonies in the slow movements of Op. 131, Op. 132, and Op. 135, we've seen how Beethoven progressively expands the expressive potential of dissonance, moving beyond mere tension and release to create a profound sense of spiritual struggle and ultimately, acceptance. This innovative use of dissonance not only marks a significant stylistic shift in Beethoven's own compositional trajectory but also foreshadows the radical harmonic explorations of the later Romantic period."
Notice how the strong conclusion refines the thesis, synthesizes the analysis of specific movements, and suggests broader implications for Beethoven's development and the history of music. It leaves the reader with a sense of completion and a deeper understanding of the topic.