Here's how he achieves this:
* Graphic descriptions of appalling working conditions: Sinclair meticulously depicts the unsanitary, dangerous, and exploitative conditions in the meatpacking industry. He uses vivid language to describe the filth, the injuries, the lack of safety precautions, and the relentless pressure on workers. This creates a sense of revulsion and horror in the reader.
* Depiction of poverty and despair: The novel portrays the desperate lives of immigrant workers in Chicago. Their poverty, hunger, and lack of opportunities are emphasized, evoking a sense of sadness and empathy. The characters are often trapped in cycles of debt and exploitation, creating a hopeless atmosphere.
* Exposure of corruption and injustice: Sinclair reveals the corrupt practices of the meatpacking industry, including the deliberate adulteration of food, the disregard for public health, and the political machinations that protect these practices. This fuels the reader's anger and disgust.
* Emphasis on the helplessness of the characters: The workers in the novel are often depicted as powerless victims of the system. Their struggles against the powerful corporations and their inability to improve their lives create a sense of frustration and despair.
Ultimately, *The Jungle* aims to evoke a strong emotional response from the reader, prompting them to reflect on the social injustices of the time and demand change. The novel's powerful imagery and emotional impact contributed to the passage of food safety legislation and raised awareness about the plight of working-class people in the early 20th century.