1. Rural Life and Tradition: The novel is set in a rural Filipino town, depicting the everyday lives of ordinary people. It showcases traditional customs like fiestas, family gatherings, and the importance of community and kinship.
2. Social Hierarchy and Class Divisions: The novel explores the social stratification prevalent in Filipino society at the time, with distinctions between the landed gentry, the middle class, and the poorer segments of society. It touches upon the influence of Spanish colonialism on these divisions.
3. Gender Roles and Expectations: "Zita" reflects the traditional expectations placed upon women in Filipino society, particularly those related to marriage, motherhood, and domesticity. The novel portrays the complexities of navigating these roles, especially for women who may desire greater freedom or independence.
4. Filial Piety and Family Ties: The novel highlights the deep reverence for elders and the importance of familial bonds. The characters' actions are often motivated by a strong sense of duty and loyalty towards their families.
5. Religion and Spirituality: Catholicism plays a significant role in the lives of the characters in "Zita," influencing their moral values, social interactions, and beliefs. The novel portrays the intertwined nature of religion and everyday life in Filipino culture.
6. National Identity and Cultural Heritage: Though not explicitly stated, the novel can be seen as a reflection of the burgeoning Filipino national identity in the early 20th century. The characters' struggles and aspirations resonate with the changing socio-political landscape of the time.
7. Language and Dialect: The novel employs a blend of Filipino and Spanish languages, reflecting the linguistic reality of the period. The use of specific words and phrases helps to evoke the cultural context and flavor of the story.
It's important to note that "Zita" is a fictionalized account and may not represent every aspect of Filipino culture during that era. However, it provides a valuable window into the lives, values, and challenges of Filipinos in the early 20th century.