"Nineteen Eighty-Four" tends to be placed in the category of dystopian fiction, along with works such as Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World." Dystopian fiction presents an imagined society that is undesirable and oppressive, often as a warning against potential negative consequences of certain political, social, or technological trends.
While "Nineteen Eighty-Four" does share some characteristics associated with Modernism, such as its exploration of totalitarian societies and its critique of political ideologies, it does not fully embrace all the qualities typically associated with the Modernist movement. Ultimately, it is regarded as a work that transcends specific literary categories and has significant themes and ideas that continue to resonate with readers.