SAT essay prompts consist of a series of statements on a particular topic. Topics address some social or personal issue, such as morality, personal achievement, time management, fame, entertainment, limitations and so on. The prompt either presents one side of an issue or establishes a debate surrounding that issue. Other times, the prompt may simply consist of a famous, meaningful quote that presents a side of an issue, such as, "Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have" (anonymous author). None of the prompt topics require any previous or extensive knowledge of the subject to understand.
Following the prompt are instructions for the essay topic. The instructions ask the writer a question based on the prompt she just read. For example, the anonymous quote above might be followed by a question such as, "Is happiness a state of mind or attitude?" The assignment question invites the writer to take a side on the issue the prompt presented; generally, the test writers frame the questions to be answered with a "yes" or "no."
Writers must decide whether they agree or disagree with the question given; sitting on the fence will only result in a weak essay. Choosing a side based on an initial reaction to the question will guarantee an essay with strong feeling. However, sometimes agreeing with the side that offers the easiest or most abundant evidence or reasons is the best choice, as test-takers have a limited amount of time.
Writers receive a mark of zero for not addressing the topic. Thus, understanding the topic thoroughly is vital. Read the prompt and the instructions carefully, at least twice. Establishing the argument inherent in the prompt before moving on to the instructions will clarify the instructions' request of the writer and its relationship to the prompt. Also consider the merit of the prompt first; decide if you agree or disagree with it. All of these steps help prevent feeling stuck with regards to what to write about.