Merits:
* In-depth learning: Allows for a more thorough and comprehensive coverage of the syllabus. Students have ample time to delve deeply into subjects without the pressure of frequent assessments.
* Reduced stress from frequent exams: Students are not constantly stressed about upcoming tests and quizzes. This can lead to a more relaxed learning environment and better mental health.
* Focus on understanding rather than rote learning: The extended time frame encourages a focus on understanding concepts rather than simply memorizing facts for short-term assessments.
* Better retention of knowledge: Due to the in-depth study and reduced exam pressure, students may retain information better in the long term.
* Easier integration of projects and research: Longer durations allow for more complex projects and research assignments to be integrated into the curriculum.
* Less pressure on teachers: Teachers have more time to prepare lessons, provide individual support, and adapt to the students' needs.
Demerits:
* High stakes assessment: The final exams carry immense weight, putting immense pressure on students. Failure can have significant consequences.
* Difficult to identify learning gaps early: Issues with understanding might not be identified until the end of the year, making timely intervention difficult.
* Potential for procrastination: The lack of frequent assessments can lead some students to procrastinate, resulting in a last-minute rush and potentially poor performance.
* Less frequent feedback for students: Students may receive less frequent feedback on their progress, potentially hindering their learning and development.
* Difficult to adapt to changing circumstances: Changes in curriculum or student needs are difficult to address quickly within an annual system.
* Inefficient for students who need frequent feedback: Students who benefit from more frequent assessment and feedback might struggle in this system. It doesn't cater well to diverse learning styles.
* Summer learning loss: A long break between the academic year may lead to significant learning loss, requiring time for review at the start of the next year.
Ultimately, the effectiveness of an annual-based study system depends on various factors, including the specific subjects, the age and learning style of the students, the teaching methods employed, and the overall support system in place. A well-structured annual system with regular formative assessments and adequate support can mitigate many of the demerits. However, it's not universally the best approach for all students or subjects.