Scholastic aptitude tests are used by higher education programs as part of the selection process. Schools typically have a minimum score requirement for entrance. In some cases, lower scores are accepted with the condition that the student takes remedial courses prior to program coursework. The scores are also used to determine eligibility for scholarships.
The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and American College Testing Program (ACT) are two common examples of scholastic aptitude tests. Both of these tests are given to high school students prior to admission to college. Both are multiple choice tests that take approximately three hours to complete. The ACT has an additional interest inventory and questionnaire regarding the students' background and plans (reference 2).
Graduate and professional school admissions tests are similar to scholastic aptitude tests in that they predict ability to learn and likelihood of success. However, some also focus on specific areas of learning or specific programs. Typically, graduate and professional programs require a minimum score as part of the admission process.
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and Miller Analogies Test (MAT) are the two general graduate admissions tests. The GRE is taken on a computer and begins with questions of average difficulty. The questions then vary in difficulty based on the examinees responses. The MAT consists of 100 analogy items from across academic fields. Professional schools require tests that are specific to the field. Examples are the Medical College Admission Test, Dental Admission Test and Law School Admission Test. These tests have similar items as the general tests in addition to items specific to the professional field of study.