Keywords and Phrases: Look for these words and phrases in the question stem (the part of the question that asks the question):
* Infer: This word is a dead giveaway.
* Imply: Similar to "infer," this suggests a meaning not directly stated.
* Suggest: Points to an indirect or hinted meaning.
* Conclude: Requires drawing a logical deduction based on evidence.
* Predict: Asks you to anticipate future outcomes based on the information.
* What can be inferred? A common phrasing for this type of question.
* Based on the passage... Often precedes a question requiring inference.
* It can be reasonably concluded that... Indicates a deduction should be made.
* The author implies that... Focuses on the author's unstated meaning.
Question Types: Inferential questions often take the form of:
* Finding the main idea or theme: This requires understanding the underlying message, not just summarizing the plot points.
* Identifying the author's purpose: Why did the author write this? What message are they trying to convey?
* Understanding character motivations: Why did a character act in a certain way? What were their underlying goals?
* Analyzing cause and effect: What events led to a particular outcome? What are the consequences of certain actions?
* Interpreting figurative language: Understanding metaphors, similes, and other literary devices requires inference.
* Predicting future events: Based on the information presented, what might happen next?
Contrast with Literal Questions: Literal questions simply ask you to recall facts or details directly stated in the text. Inferential questions require more critical thinking and analysis to determine the unstated meaning.
Example:
Literal Question: "What color was the car?" (Answer directly found in the text)
Inferential Question: "Based on the description of the car's speed and the driver's actions, what can you infer about the driver's state of mind?" (Requires analysis and deduction)
By looking for these keywords, question types, and understanding the difference between literal and inferential questions, you can effectively identify and answer inferential questions on any test.