To have both vertical and horizontal symmetry, the digits must be the same when rotated 180 degrees. The only digits that work are 0, 1, and 8.
The largest three-digit number using only 0, 1, and 8 is 818. 818 has both vertical and horizontal symmetry.
Therefore, the largest three-digit number that has both vertical and horizontal symmetry is $\boxed{818}$.