Here's a breakdown of their characteristics:
* Simpler Design: They usually lack the fine adjustment mechanisms found in more precise instruments. This makes them easier to use and less prone to damage from bumps and knocks.
* Lower Precision: They won't provide the same level of accuracy as theodolites or total stations used for high-precision surveying. Their measurements are suitable for less demanding applications.
* Rugged Construction: They're built to withstand rough handling and outdoor conditions. They're typically more durable than more sensitive precision instruments.
* Portability: Their compact size and lightweight design make them easily portable.
* Applications: Floor-grade instruments are often used for tasks like:
* Rough leveling: Establishing approximate levels for grading, drainage, or simple construction layouts.
* Short-distance measurements: Measuring distances over relatively short ranges.
* Construction layout: Laying out basic building lines and grades.
* Land drainage: Determining slopes for drainage systems.
* Informal site surveying: Gathering quick, approximate data for site assessments.
Examples include simple hand-held levels, builder's levels, and some types of laser levels (though some laser levels are also tripod-mounted for higher accuracy). They are generally less expensive than precision surveying instruments.