Use a wide range of teaching tools. Different styles of instruction can help children to view information in diverse ways, causing them to consider perspectives which they may not have encountered otherwise. For example, alternating between visual-based presentations and audio-based discussions can make the information appeal to students in new ways, as different thought processes react to the material.
Play analytical games. These are games which challenge children's abilities at applying their thinking skills to different situations. For example, you can play "Odd One Out" to let children determine which item is incorrectly placed within a certain thematic category.
Set dynamic assignments. These are questions that don't simply require a straight answer, but challenge children to adapt their knowledge and use it in a new way. For example, if you were teaching children about the jungle, you could ask them to create a fictional itinerary for an expedition.
Brainstorm new concepts to make them relevant. This allows children to think of some preliminary questions and develop their own assumptions about a subject before the information is presented. For example, if you were going to teach children about the atmosphere, you can encourage them to brainstorm related questions which they're curious -- for example, "Why is the sky blue?" By doing this, children can appreciate that the information they learn can be applied to answering practical questions.
Use group projects. This exposes children to different thinking styles and ways for approaching a problem. Encourage the children to discuss which problem-solving method is most useful, and to incorporate it into their work.