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How to Teach Elements of Literature for 5th Grade

Reading is fundamental to modern human existence. Information is passed across generations and across cultures through books. Literature --- presentations of events that distill human experience down to its essentials --- is an activity that engages the mind and encourages readers to examine and improve their own lives. That's why literature skills are such an important element of educational standards. There are many ways to approach the teaching of literature, but here are some methods taken from the Junior Great Books Program, a program that has demonstrated above-average success.

Instructions

    • 1

      Select reading material that reflects the concerns and interests of fifth-graders. Specifically, resist the urge to tailor your selections to what you feel is the ability level of your students. If the material is compelling to your students, the interest will motivate them to cope with vocabulary or structures that are unfamiliar.

    • 2

      Find books with open questions. There are many reasons to read: to learn about other cultures or eras, to cultivate empathy toward others, to remove yourself from your own problems and many more. To understand the elements of literature, however, the reader must develop a sensitivity to language and symbols that surround the questions being posed in a story.

    • 3
      Character, conflict, symbolism, setting --- all can be investigated when extracting meaning from a text.

      Read the material aloud with your class. When done with a section, go over unfamiliar words or structures to clarify meaning. Be open and receptive to all questions, and encourage the students to ask questions. At this stage, the point is to clarify the surface action of the story so that everyone shares an understanding of "what happens" in the story.

    • 4

      Have the students identify elements that connect to a larger theme in the story. For example, you might ask them to mark phrases that show a character is in control of his fate and phrases that show a character is at the mercy of outside forces. You might also ask students to highlight passages that illustrate when the character feels alone, and when the character feels part of a group.

    • 5
      Literary analysis can begin early and instill habits that will serve through a lifetime.

      Discuss the examples the students found in the previous step. Have the students present their arguments for the selections they have made. Insist that they support their choice with passages from the text; for example, you can ask how the student interprets a particular word in a passage, and why the author's choice of that word supports the student's choice. Encourage the students to discuss and disagree with one another.

    • 6

      Ask key questions about the book, continuing to insist the students support their arguments with specific references from the text. For example, you could ask "Does Alice know who she is?" Or "Is Scho teasing the other boys because it is what he wants to do?" The point here is not to ask a question that has a definite answer, but to ask a question that the author seems to be posing to the reader.

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