Display an age-appropriate pictograph. Explain that a pictograph is a type of graph that uses pictures to display information (data). Point out the elements of a pictograph, including the title, key, labels and graphics. Repeat with a few more examples and check for understanding by asking general questions like, "What data is this pictograph representing?" "Where is the key and what does it tell us?" or "What graphics are used?" Keep examples general by pointing out the common parts and avoiding graph-specific information.
Use a new pictograph or review one the students have seen before. Review the parts of the graph, then show students how to analyze the data. Model this by thinking aloud, "This pictograph is showing what type of ice cream is most popular among third graders. The key shows the different kinds of ice cream. Each cone represents one student. There are five students who prefer chocolate, nine who prefer vanilla and six students who like strawberry." Display another graph and ask questions to encourage students to analyze. Assess student understanding by providing a pictograph worksheet with written questions, or assess young students orally.
Illustrate how data is collected before it is displayed on a pictograph by conducting a class survey. Display a question on the board, such as "What is your favorite book, school lunch, or color?" Give multiple choice options for young students to avoid confusion when creating the pictograph. Create a class pictograph, asking students to determine what kind of pictures to use, what information needs to go in the key or what the title should be. After students understand the process of collecting data, incorporate it into a morning routine by writing a new question every day and asking students to respond by placing a sticky note on a blank pictograph on the board.
Ask students to conduct a class survey and display the data on a pictograph. Provide support as needed. Young students will need guidance throughout the entire process, but older students can collect data independently. Give students a blank pictograph, or provide a basic template where students fill in the missing information, such as the title, key, labels and graphics. Older students can create their own.