KWL is an acronym that stands for three questions: what do I know?, what do I want to know?, and what have I learned?. These three questions are placed at the top of a chart with three numbered columns before a lesson is started. It is an effective tool for the teacher to learn what the students already know about the subject. After some general knowledge is assessed, the teacher can then ask students what about the subject the students would like to understand. The last section is to be completed after a lesson is finished with the students referring to their textbooks or notes for accuracy.
Cooperative learning strategies are those that call for students to work together in small groups. In these types of learning situations, the teacher acts more as a facilitator and not a presenter. The goal is for students to interact and teach each other. For the cooperative learning strategy to be most effective, it is best to follow a few basic rules. First, select random student groups and do not allow students to self-select their groups. Next, clearly state the objectives for the group to work on and have the students sit in a circle so that all faces can be seen. Be sure students make introductions so that they know each other's names. Lastly, set a time limit for the activity and tell students if they are to share answers in an oral or written fashion.
Effective use of audio/visual technology is a big part of today's classroom. PowerPoint presentations, projectors, movies, and interactive computer games are all necessary lesson integrations in the modern age. To effectively use such materials, a few actions are necessary on the part of the teacher. For instance, teachers should stay on their feet. Staying mobile during any type of audio/visual presentation will help keep students on track. Also, dark classrooms and students are a recipe for trouble. Keep the window shades up or a small lamp on during presentations.
Effective questioning keeps students alert and involved in the learning process. Types of questions can range from simple to complex evaluation. Questions that check for knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation should all be used to stimulate student involvement. Questions help students get involved and reach a higher level of thinking about a subject. Effective use of questions can help students move from simply memorizing facts and numbers to applying and analyzing information in a variety of settings.