Explore the "Chromosome Poem." Written by J. Patrick Lewis, this creative, rhyming work makes an effective introduction to this topic. Students can both read the work and listen to the author read it, via Scholastic's website.
Define chromosomes, DNA, genes and related vocabulary clearly and simply for young students. Ensure that children understand that DNA is described as "the double helix of life," and that chromosomes are located in a cell's nucleus.
Let children see chromosomes at work. Show them pictures and video of chromosomes and DNA; this helps kids understand that genetics is not just a school lesson, but a real concept. The "Double Helix" game on the official website for the Nobel Prize is also quite informative.
Make chromosome models. Provide two pipe cleaners for each child. Encourage them to form an "X" shape with the pipe cleaners by twisting and overlapping them.
Discuss if, and why, chromosomes are important. Make it clear that they hold the genetic information needed to determine many traits about an individual person. For older children, you can introduce more advanced concepts, such as Down syndrome and the "nature versus nurture" debate.