* Local Taxes: This is often the largest source of funding. Property taxes are a common example, with the value of properties within the district's boundaries directly impacting revenue. Other local taxes might include sales taxes dedicated to education.
* State Funding: State governments provide significant funding to school districts, often through a combination of general funds from state taxes and specific allocations for education. Funding formulas vary widely by state, often based on student enrollment, poverty levels, and other factors.
* Federal Funding: The federal government contributes a smaller percentage of overall school funding than state and local sources. This funding often comes with specific requirements or is targeted towards particular programs, such as Title I funding for disadvantaged students or special education grants.
* Bonds: School districts can issue bonds to borrow money for large capital projects like building new schools, renovating existing facilities, or purchasing buses. These bonds are repaid over time through taxes.
* Grants: School districts compete for various grants from private foundations, non-profit organizations, and government agencies (federal and state). These grants can fund specific programs, projects, or equipment.
* Fundraising: Some schools and districts engage in fundraising activities, such as school events, donations from community members and businesses, and parent-teacher organization activities. This is generally a smaller portion of overall funding.
The relative importance of each funding source varies significantly depending on the state, the specific school district, and local economic conditions. Some districts are heavily reliant on property taxes, while others receive a larger portion of their funding from the state.