Early forms of education existed in many ancient civilizations, often tied to religious instruction or the training of scribes and elites. Examples include:
* Ancient Greece: Philosophers like Plato and Socrates established schools of thought, though these were significantly different from modern schools.
* Ancient Rome: Roman education focused on rhetoric and practical skills, with schools established for the elite.
* Ancient China: Confucianism influenced educational systems, emphasizing moral development and classical learning.
Over time, various societal and religious influences shaped the development of schools. The printing press, the Reformation, and the rise of nation-states all played a role in increasing the demand for more widespread and formalized education. The idea of compulsory public education, as we know it in many countries today, is a relatively recent development, emerging in the 19th and 20th centuries.
So, attributing the "idea" to a single person is impossible. It's a complex historical development with contributions from numerous individuals and cultures over a vast period.