Generally, you'll need:
* Bachelor's Degree: This is the minimum requirement almost everywhere. Often, this degree will be in the subject you plan to teach (e.g., a math degree to teach math), but some jurisdictions allow for degrees in education or related fields.
* Teacher Education Program/Professional Development: Many places require completion of a teacher education program, often a postgraduate qualification (e.g., a Master of Education or a Post-Baccalaureate Certificate in Education). This program will typically include coursework in pedagogy (the art and science of teaching), classroom management, curriculum development, and educational psychology. Practical experience, through student teaching or similar placements, is a crucial component.
* Licensing/Certification: You'll need to obtain a teaching license or certificate from the relevant educational authority in your region. This usually involves passing subject-matter tests, background checks, and potentially interviews. Requirements for renewal vary.
* Subject-Specific Knowledge: While a degree might be in a related field, you'll often need to demonstrate significant knowledge in the subject you intend to teach, especially at the secondary level. This could involve passing additional subject-specific exams or demonstrating proficiency through a portfolio.
Beyond the basics, some additional factors may apply:
* Specific subject certifications: Teaching science or math at the secondary level may require additional qualifications beyond a general teaching license.
* Experience: Some positions may prefer or require prior experience, particularly in specific settings (e.g., special education).
* Continuing education: Many jurisdictions require ongoing professional development to maintain certification.
In summary, there's no single answer. You must research the specific requirements of the location and level at which you wish to teach. Check the websites of your local or state department of education or equivalent body for the most accurate and up-to-date information.