1. Definitions: Writing down the definition of a new word directly in the margin.
2. Synonyms/Antonyms: Listing synonyms (words with similar meanings) or antonyms (words with opposite meanings) next to the word. This helps understand nuances in meaning and usage.
3. Sentence Examples: Creating a short sentence using the new word in the margin. This helps solidify understanding of its context and proper usage.
4. Etymology: Noting the word's origin (Greek, Latin, etc.) and its root meaning. Understanding a word's roots can illuminate its current meaning and related words.