Create learning centers to focus on various activities with an educational goal. Include several learning centers in different areas of the room for variety. Let the kids spread out to different learning centers where they complete the designated activities. Once an activity is completed, the student moves to another center. Include activities that expand on skills taught to the students. For example, after learning addition skills, set up a center with a board game that involves adding. The kids get individual work time to strengthen their skills. Use center time as a chance to work individually or in small groups with students.
A project-based approach to learning allows the young students to apply what they've learned in a more realistic situation. Present a problem or task for the students to complete. Use projects for individual or small group work. For a measurement project, assign the kids the task of choosing five objects around the classroom. Ask the students to estimate the size of the object before actually measuring it with a ruler or tape measure. The kids apply their measurement skills beyond the basic textbook or worksheet approach.
Use a game approach as another way to expand learning based on classroom material. Games offer an entertaining activity which appeals to young children. Plan games that help reinforce educational concepts as the children play. The kids often don't think about games as a learning tool, making them more willing to jump in and actively participate. Teacher supply stores sell premade games for a variety of subjects. Make your own games to save money and allow for customization to match what you teach in the classroom. For example, make a board game with science trivia questions or a bingo game for vocabulary words.
Plan cooperative assignments to teach the young children how to work together. Use group work after the material is presented to the class. Present information or a short lesson on the selected topic before breaking the students into groups and assigning a specific assignment or task. Have the kids create something, discuss the topic or come up with a solution to a related problem. Include some form of assessment to ensure that all of the students participate and understand the material. Assign specific roles within the group to increase participation.