This standard ensures children understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships between numbers and number systems. It includes place value from ten-thousandths to millions, identifying prime and composite numbers and simplifying fractions. Children also learn to solve fraction word problems as well as use various properties of multiplication and division with remainders. Decimals are introduced and students are taught to add and subtract to three decimal places. Some examples of problems in this area include listing all factors of the number 12, finding the equivalent fraction of .5, and representing 27 x 8 as (20 + 7) x 8.
Geometry concepts begin to go a little deeper in fourth grade, when students learn about types of triangles and quadrilaterals and the difference between parallel and perpendicular lines. They are taught how to use transformation, symmetry, flips, slides and turns to analyze a figure. Children will be given a two-dimensional diagram and asked to predict what three-dimensional object it will make when folded. Measurement standards include standard units, metric units, perimeter, area and different types of angles. Students will be asked to label angles as acute, right or obtuse, find the perimeter of a rectangle and describe the difference between lines and line segments.
Fourth-grade students are introduced to algebraic concepts. They work at creating and extending patterns. Students use symbols to show relationships and analyze math problems. Symbols are also used to represent missing factors and terms. Children learn to use these symbols in various situations to solve the problem for an unknown quantity.
Some problems using these concepts may include 71 + _ = 91 and z + 8 = _ when given z = 12.
Fourth-grade students learn to label the axes, scale, legend and title of a graph. They collect, organize and interpret data into a table or graph. Students analyze information based on inferences, predictions and arguments. They work with basic probability and predict the outcomes of simple experiments such as a coin toss or selecting colored marbles from a bag.