You will need the following items to complete this project: pencil, pipe cleaner, scissors, a 5-inch string, borax, mason jar, large pot, water and oven mitts. Form pipe cleaners into various shapes, such as spirals or stars. Be sure to make the shapes small enough to fit into the mason jar. Add water to the pot and bring to a boil. Take one end of the string and tie a knot around the pipe cleaner. Use the other end of string to tie a knot around the pencil. Pour boiling water into the jar until three-quarters full. Add borax and stir. Place a pipe cleaner in the jar so that the pencil lies across the brim of the jar and the pipe cleaner hangs without touching the bottom. Allow to sit for 24 hours. The borax will crystallize on the pipe cleaner as the water cools.
You will need the following items to complete this project: white glue, modeling clay and three small seashells or bones. Place one of the seashells or bones on a flat surface. Press molding clay into the object. Gently pull clay from around the object. Use white glue to fill in the impression left in the clay. Allow the glue to dry completely. Peel glue from the clay. The glue will hold the form of the object the same way a minerals preserve the shapes of fossils.
You will need the following items to complete this project: clear drinking glass, water, celery stalk with leaves still attached and red food coloring. Fill a drinking glass three-quarters full with water. Add 10 drops of red food coloring to the water. Place the celery stalk in the water so that the leaves are sticking out of the top of the glass. Allow to sit for 12 hours. You will see red spots on the celery stalk where the capillaries are, and the veins in the leaves will be red.
You will need the following items to complete this project: water, salt, large pan, plastic wrap, freezer and plastic bowl. Fill the plastic bowl with water until three-quarters full. Add 3 tablespoons of salt. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and place in the freezer. Allow to freeze about halfway. Pour the unfrozen portion of the water into the glass. Add more water to the bowl and repeat the steps until the glass is full of water. Pour some of the water onto a flat surface and pour water from the tap onto a different section of the flat surface. Once dried, you will notice that the purified water leaves less residue than the water from the tap.