Math journals can provide the student with a lot of insight about a math problem. Third grade students can readily benefit from writing a math journal entry when faced with a difficult problem. The entry allows the student to express what is already known in the problem, and what else may need to be known in order to solve the problem. The student writes down the facts, then can use sentences to think "aloud in words" to cognitively solve the word problem. Math journals are popular with some teachers because they teach students how to think rather than memorizing a rote skill to solve problems.
A flow chart is a visual aid that can help students understand what is going on in the problem. The flow chart starts with the first part of the math problem. Students follow the arrows, filling in information that comes next according to the problem. For example, when dealing with fractions, third grade students may have trouble comparing sizes in bigger vs. smaller comparisons. Make this easier by having students start with the largest fraction and make their way to the smallest. Give them the fractions to put in order. For example, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16.
A tree map is used to classify things and ideas. It's very helpful for third graders needing to solve a word problem. The student fills in each different idea or item on the map. Underneath each item, the student lists facts about that item. For example, a word problem that involves several characters, each with their own number of items, is an exemplary way to use a tree map. This helps the student organize information and provides a fast, visual way to study that information.
Counting bears are considered a type of manipulative that can be used for elementary-age students to solve math problems. Third grade students should be well-acquainted with counting bears. They are small, brightly colored bears. These can be used to solve almost any type of math problem. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division problems can be solved using counting bears. Instead of having to do the math in their head, students can use a hands-on approach to see what is happening. Not only does this help the student solve the problem, it helps her see exactly what is happening in the problem.
When it comes time for third graders to learn how to make change, it's best if you use play money to help them learn. Play money allows the students to practice making change. This provides them with a hands-on approach that makes it easier for them to grasp the concept. Not only will they learn faster, the activity will hold their attention. Let them practice making change up to $5. Include play coins as well.