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How to Make Volcanoes With Children

Building a model volcano can enrich a child's knowledge of both chemical reactions and the behavior of a volcano. The primary lesson learned from erupting a model volcano is how chemicals can come together and react in surprising ways. The two chemicals in this model are baking soda and vinegar. These are typically chosen because they are harmless and react violently when forced together. The chemical reaction causes the baking soda and vinegar to combine to form a chemical called carbonic acid which decomposes into carbon dioxide gas. This gas is what escapes the volcano and creates the foam that overflows from the top.

Things You'll Need

  • Large handful of molding clay
  • 35mm photographic film container
  • 1 tsp. dish soap
  • 2 tsp. baking soda
  • 2 tsp. vinegar
  • 1 tsp. red food coloring (optional)
  • 1 tsp. yellow food coloring (optional)
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Instructions

    • 1

      Place the molding clay on a solid surface and have a child shape it to look like a mountain; a mound that is wide at the bottom and narrower at the top.

    • 2

      Instruct the children to make a hole in the top center of the mound that is approximately the size and depth of the film container.

    • 3

      Have the children place the film container into the hole until the top of the container is level with the brim of the top of the volcano.

    • 4

      Give each child, or group of children, a teaspoon and have them scoop 2 tsp. of baking soda into the container.

    • 5

      Instruct the children to add about 1 tsp. of dish soap to the container, plus 1 tbsp. of yellow and red food color, if desired.

    • 6

      Have the children stand back from their volcano then add the vinegar into the baking soda and dish soap mixture. The volcano will "erupt" and the mixture will bubble up and run down the sides of the model.

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