Be prepared. You can't effectively participate in class or lecture discussions if you don't know the material. Keep up to date with any assignments or homework so that you can come prepared with questions, opinions and ideas.
Show respect. While educators appreciate participation, don't be overzealous. If you try to answer every question or speak up too frequently, it will look like you want to take over the discussion, rather than contribute to it. This may be seen as rude, so give everyone an equal opportunity to voice their input.
Overcome your anxiety. Public speaking can be frightening for some. Perhaps you fear you may say something inaccurate. Remember that this happens to everyone from elementary school to college. Making a mistake isn't a reflection of your intelligence. As psychologist Lynn Friedman says, "Even brilliant people do not sound brilliant all of the time."
Provide answers. Teachers will inevitably ask the class to answer questions to assess students' knowledge and give them a chance to engage themselves. Take this opportunity to make yourself known and show your interest in participation.
Ask questions. Show your knowledge and interest by asking the teacher questions. She may have not been clear about something or she may have made a mistake. Asking questions will not only show participation, but also eliminate confusion regarding the material being covered.
Show leadership. In some cases, you may be put into small groups for group presentations. Offer to lead the group or speak on their behalf when it comes time to present to the class. The teacher will notice this, which will have a positive effect on your participation grade.