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How to Correct the pH of a Lake With a Reading of Three

As defined by Dictionary.com, "pH [in] chemistry [is] the symbol for the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion concentration in gram atoms per liter, used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidity, 7 neutrality, and more than 7 alkalinity." On the pH scale, 0 is the most acidic, and 14 is the most alkaline. Hydrochloric acid is pH0; vinegar is pH3; pure water is pH7; ammonia is pH 10; and lye is pH14. Lakes generally are +/- pH6 to pH8. A pH3 lake is toxic to all fish.

Things You'll Need

  • Portable pH meter
  • CaCO2 (calcium carbonate) or CaCO3 (powdered limestone)
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Instructions

  1. Steps

    • 1

      Determine why the lake is extremely acidic. Correcting the pH might be wasted effort if nothing is done about the cause(s). If the lake, for instance, is a victim of acid rain or acid deposition from a near or distant coal-burning electric power generation plant or from the run-off from a strip mine, community action to fix the problem would be needed.

    • 2

      Calibrate the portable pH meter according to the manufacturer's instructions. Typically, put a base with a known pH of 4 in a disposable plastic cup and take a first reading with the glass-tipped electrode. Rinse off the electrode with distilled water. Then put a base with a known pH of 7 in a disposable plastic cup and take a second reading, then rinse the electrode with distilled water. Calibrate the meter's pH scale by these two readings.

    • 3

      Raise the pH of the lake by adding a neutralizing base, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO2) or powdered limestone (CaCO3), by aerial application. This is a temporary measure. Long term, unpolluted water entering the lake via rain and streams will raise the pH reading.

    • 4

      Make a plan of action for the lake's recovery after the pH has been brought up to a desired level. Many factors in the ecology of a lake affect its pH, and too much or too little of a factor---such as photosynthesis on the one hand and respiration and decomposition on the other---can have an adverse effect on a lake's buffering ability to withstand pH variations.

    • 5

      Monitor the lake's pH periodically as you implement the rest of the lake recovery plan.

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