* Paraphrase: (Author, Year).
*Example:* The effects of climate change on coastal communities are significant (IPCC, 2021).
* Direct Quote: (Author, Year, p. page number).
*Example:* "Climate change poses a severe threat to coastal ecosystems" (IPCC, 2021, p. 15). Note that if it's a direct quote from an online source without page numbers, use a paragraph number (¶) if available, or otherwise, cite the section heading.
* Author's name is part of the narrative: Year.
*Example:* In their 2021 report, the IPCC detailed the significant effects of climate change on coastal communities.
Important Considerations:
* Multiple authors: For two authors, always cite both authors' last names every time. For three or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (e.g., Smith et al., 2023).
* Multiple works by the same author in the same year: Distinguish between them using lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year. (e.g., Smith, 2023a; Smith, 2023b).
* No author: Use the first few words of the title in place of the author's name (in italics if it's a title of a work).
* Placement: The citation should be placed immediately after the information it supports, usually at the end of the sentence or clause.
Remember that the in-text citation always corresponds to a full reference entry in your References list at the end of your paper. The in-text citation provides a brief pointer to the full details in your References list.