Here's how you'd approach citing a questionnaire in APA, depending on the situation:
1. If the questionnaire itself is the source:
* Treat it like a document: If you are citing the actual questionnaire document (e.g., the questions, instructions), you would cite it as you would any other document:
* If it has an author and title: List the author and title in the reference list, just as you would for a book or article.
* If it's unpublished: You can use the term "unpublished" in the reference list, and include any relevant details.
* In-text citation: You can cite the questionnaire by mentioning its name or a brief description, then include the year of publication. For example:
* "The participants completed the "Personality Inventory" (Jones, 2023)."
* "The survey used in this study was a self-report measure of depression symptoms."
2. If the questionnaire was used in a study you're citing:
* Cite the study: Focus on citing the study that used the questionnaire. If the questionnaire is a standard, well-known instrument, you can just mention its name in parentheses (e.g., "The study used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)").
* If the questionnaire is less well-known: You can provide a brief description in the text and then cite the study.
* In-text citation: Cite the study authors and year of publication. For example:
* "Smith and Jones (2022) assessed participants' stress levels using a self-reported questionnaire."
Important Considerations:
* Permission: If you are using a copyrighted questionnaire, you might need permission from the copyright holder to use or reproduce it.
* Details: Include information about the questionnaire in your methods section, such as the name, purpose, and how it was administered.
Example:
* Reference list:
* Jones, A. (2023). Personality Inventory. [Unpublished manuscript].
* In-text:
* "The "Personality Inventory" (Jones, 2023) was used to measure participants' personality traits."
Let me know if you have any other questions about APA style or citing questionnaires!