Anatomy and physiology is an upper-level science class taken after completion of high school biology and chemistry. It consists of learning medical terminology, identifying anatomical parts such as specific bones and organs, and understanding how all the individual parts work together to create a living organism. While physiology and anatomy vary from species to species, basic components are shared by many lifeforms on Earth. When most people talk about anatomy and physiology, they typically refer to humans.
To be successful in an anatomy and physiology class, understand what is expected of you. Medical terminology is one of the main components of this class and must be mastered. If you are unable to understand these terms in context, it will become increasingly difficult to keep up with class topics. So fully understand medical vocabulary. Reading assigned textbook chapters is mandatory. Look at every diagram and understand what it tells you before continuing.
When you take a stand-alone anatomy class, you will learn specific components of the body, muscles, organs, bones and nerves. In addition, you will have to identify each individual component. An anatomy class typically requires lab time that allows you to explore a preserved body to facilitate your understanding. A stand-alone physiology class, on the other hand, usually deals with how the body works. It requires understanding cellular and molecular biology and underlying mechanisms that run each body system.
There are 11 body systems in humans and other mammals. The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, senses, sweat glands and oil glands. The muscular system deals with muscles, which allow a body to move, and the skeletal system deals with bones, which give a body structure and protection. The endocrine system dictates how hormones are used as chemical messengers throughout the body. The nervous system controls all body components in one way or another; it allows the sensations of touch and pain as well as reflexes and movement. The cardiovascular system encompasses the heart and blood vessels, while the respiratory system is in command of breathing mechanisms. The digestive system absorbs nutrients in the form of food and converts them to energy that is available to the body. It, along with the urinary system, also is involved with elimination of waste products. The immune system is part of the lymphatic system, and both are in control of fighting off disease. The reproductive system preserves genetic material from generation to generation.