How to Find an Exponential Equation With Two Points

An exponential equation is a function that increases in value proportionally to its current value, written in the general form y = a(b^x). Used in many scientific models, the exponential equation is notably applied when calculating human population growth, compound interest and nuclear chain reactions. You can find the equation of an exponential equation using just two points and a couple of basic algebraic concepts.

Instructions

    • 1

      Identify the general form of the exponential equation y = a(b^x) and the two points to be used. As an example, use the points (1,3), (2,9), presented in the form (x,y). Take the two points and substitute them into the equation y=a(b^x), giving 3 = a(b^1) and 9 = a(b^2) in this instance.

    • 2

      Rearrange the two equations to leave a on the right-hand side and try to solve the two simultaneous equations to find b: 3/(b^1) = a and 9/(b^2) = a. Since a = a, it can be stated that 3/(b^1) = 9/(b^2), which can be rearranged to yield 3(b^2) = 9(b^1) -> 3b^2 – 9b = 0 -> b(3b – 9) = 0. Therefore the solutions are either b = 0 or 3b – 9 = 0 -> 3b = 9 -> b = 3. Since the plotted curves of exponential functions never drop below the x-axis, ignore any values of b that are less than or equal to zero. Here, b must equal three.

    • 3

      Take this value of b and insert it into one of the rearranged equations to find the value of a: 3/(3^1) = a or 9/(3^2) = a. In both cases, a equals one.

    • 4

      Define the exponential equation, inserting the solutions for both a and b into the general form: y = 1(3^x), which can be simplified to y = 3^x. Therefore, the equation of the exponential curve that passes through the points (1,3), (2,9) is y = 3^x. For a more complete solution, draw a quick sketch of the exponential equation on a graph. Pick a range of values for x that will clearly demonstrate the exponential characteristics. A suitable range for this example would be from between minus one and three.

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