* Phonics: Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds.
* Phonemic awareness: Identifying and manipulating individual sounds in words.
* Fluency: Reading accurately, quickly, and with expression.
* Vocabulary: Understanding the meaning of words.
* Reading comprehension: Understanding the meaning of text.
Remedial literacy programs are not just for struggling readers in elementary school. Individuals at any age can benefit from such support if they lack the necessary reading skills for academic success or daily life. These programs often employ individualized instruction and tailored strategies to address specific learning needs and gaps. The goal is not simply to "catch up," but to develop a strong foundation in literacy that enables future academic and personal success.