1. Plot: This is the sequence of events in a story. A strong plot typically involves:
* Inciting Incident: The event that sets the story in motion.
* Rising Action: A series of events that build suspense and complicate the protagonist's situation.
* Climax: The point of highest tension, where the protagonist confronts the central conflict.
* Falling Action: The events following the climax, where the consequences of the climax unfold.
* Resolution/Denouement: The conclusion of the story, where loose ends are tied up and the central conflict is resolved (though not necessarily happily).
2. Character: Compelling characters are crucial. This involves:
* Protagonist: The central character, often the one the audience empathizes with.
* Antagonist: The character or force opposing the protagonist.
* Character Arc: The transformation or development a character undergoes throughout the story. This is often a key element of a satisfying narrative.
* Motivation: Characters need believable reasons for their actions. Their goals and desires should be clear.
* Conflict (Internal & External): Characters must face challenges, both within themselves (internal conflict) and from outside forces (external conflict).
3. Theme: This is the underlying message or idea explored in the story. It's the deeper meaning or insight the writer wants to convey. A strong theme often resonates with the audience on a philosophical or emotional level.
4. Conflict: The engine of drama. Without conflict, there's no story. Conflict can be:
* Person vs. Person: A struggle between characters.
* Person vs. Self: An internal struggle within a character.
* Person vs. Society: A struggle against societal norms or expectations.
* Person vs. Nature: A struggle against the forces of nature.
* Person vs. Fate/God: A struggle against an inevitable outcome or a higher power.
5. Tension & Suspense: Keeping the audience engaged requires building tension and suspense. This is achieved through:
* Raising the stakes: Increasing the consequences of failure for the protagonist.
* Creating uncertainty: Leaving the audience wondering what will happen next.
* Foreshadowing: Hinting at future events to create anticipation.
6. Setting: The time and place of the story. Setting can be a character in itself, influencing the mood and actions of the characters.
7. Structure: The overall organization of the story. This can be linear (chronological) or non-linear (flashbacks, etc.). Effective structure makes the story easy to follow and impactful.
8. Style: The writer's unique voice and approach to storytelling. This includes their use of language, imagery, and tone.
These principles are interconnected and work together to create a powerful and memorable dramatic experience. A writer might prioritize certain principles depending on their goals and the type of story they are telling.