* Track goods and resources: Early civilizations needed to keep track of inventories, taxes, and trade. This need spurred the development of systems for representing numbers and quantities.
* Maintain administrative records: Governments and temples required systems for documenting laws, decrees, and religious rituals.
* Preserve historical events: Important happenings, lineage, and significant dates were recorded to transmit knowledge across generations.
Essentially, writing emerged as a more reliable and efficient way of remembering and communicating information than oral traditions alone, particularly information that was crucial for the functioning of complex societies. While artistic and literary uses developed later, the core original purpose was practical and functional: to record and preserve important data.