The Pitman shorthand system was published by Sir Isaac Pitman in 1837. The Pitman system is based on phonetics, meaning that words are written according to how they sound rather than with conventional spelling. Consonants are indicated by brush strokes of varying thickness and curvature, while vowels are represented by small shapes written next to the consonant strokes. There are also various symbols used to represent common words, such as "the" and "to."
The Gregg system of shorthand was published by John Robert Gregg in 1888. Like the Pitman system, Gregg shorthand is phonetic and uses basic strokes to represent consonants. Vowels are hook-shaped and attached to the consonant symbols. Unlike Pitman shorthand, the Gregg system also includes shorthand symbols for punctuation. Numerous versions of Gregg shorthand were developed since its publication, including versions in languages other than English.
There are many speed writing techniques that don't require the use of a comprehensive shorthand system. One method is the use of acronyms to stand in place of commonly-used words. Examples include the use of initials to stand for a proper noun or name, as well as the use of intuitive symbols such as dollar and pound signs. Another practice is to leave out all unnecessary words, concentrating only on key phrases that help you retain the information of which you are taking note.
Even basic speed writing techniques make note-taking a quicker and easier process. This is especially useful in academic and career situations in which you are required to retain a lot of information from a spoken lecture. When you take notes, write only the information that is needed. The ability to concentrate on key points while taking notes will help your notes be concise while thorough. Apply conventional word abbreviations throughout your notes, and also create your own abbreviations for common or difficult words. This allows you to concentrate on the information being presented rather than your note-taking, which means you will retain the information better while having efficient notes to study from later.