Are you doing work when are holding a book?

In the context of Physics, work is defined as the transfer of energy when an external force is applied on an object, causing its displacement. In simpler terms, work is done when a force is applied to move or lift an object.

Holding a book does not involve the application of an external force that causes the book to move or change its position. Instead, holding a book involves applying a force to counteract gravity to prevent the book from falling. This is also known as maintaining equilibrium or static equilibrium.

While you are using your muscles to exert an upward force on the book, the force of gravity is pulling the book downwards with equal magnitude. These two forces are in opposite directions, resulting in a net force of zero. Consequently, the book remains stationary, and no displacement occurs.

Therefore, holding a book is not considered doing work in the context of Physics, as it does not involve the transfer of energy through the application of an external force causing displacement.