Physical barriers come when departments or units are widely separated from each other. Sending messages and receiving feedback can be prolonged and information can be distorted in between. This happens in large organizations, where the distribution and coordination of information among many employees is a challenge for managers. Other physical barriers include noise and poor lighting or a crowded and disorganized work place.
Infrastructure barriers are related to technology and other modes of communication. Organizations that lack updated information systems will face a breakdown in their communication. The sending of emails and faxes, developing reports, administering online courses are all essential parts of organizational communication that cannot be undertaken without the appropriate systems. Also information systems that are too complex pose a challenge to employees who only have basic information technology knowledge.
Management barriers are as a result of top-bottom leadership that excludes employees or customers from day-to-day business functions. The top management may issue messages without considering what happens to the employees. Employees then feel dissatisfied with this method of leadership and communication, no new ideas are generated and the communication breaks down.
Insufficient training can be on various levels such as lack of industry experience, inadequate understanding of organizational structures, and insufficient skills to communicate effectively. Employees who have not been trained to operate certain communication systems such as computers cannot communicate effectively using these tools. Lack of training in communication skills will also lead to conflict and misunderstanding within the organization.
Complex organizational structures can leave employees and customers confused on who to communicate with about any given issue. The more the number of managerial levels, the more confusing the communication becomes. In this way, information gets distorted or does not reach the right person. Staff at all levels also become detached from each other.