This method is popular with speakers who want to inform and persuade, whether in the classroom or at a large conference. Using eye contact and gestures with a less-formal speaking style shows authority on a subject and can make a strong impression with the audience. Outlining the speech according to the major points is the first step in the memorization process. Learning the opening line and transitions between major points, as well as dividing the speech into small sections, are also helpful techniques used in this style of speech. Breathing exercises to encourage relaxation and focus can prevent memory lapses.
Officials at public ceremonies and those who deliver invocations or prayers may utilize this approach. People with concerns about nerves or memory problems at any event gain reassurance by reading from a printed copy. The challenge is to create a written speech that sounds natural, as if it is being spoken rather than read. The specific audience in attendance, boy scouts or state workers, for example, should determine the style of language used. Including personal observations or stories brings an intimacy to the presentation. Practice reading the text out loud leads to a smooth flow and higher comfort level for the speaker.
Speaking on the spot, or an impromptu speech, is often used when an introduction, toast or quick overview is called for at a special event. Personal knowledge and opinions on a subject usually form the basis for these kind of talks. Writing down several main ideas in addition to starting and ending points on notecards, if time allows, provides a guiding structure. Confidence with talking spontaneously in front of groups is a skill that can be learned and grown with practice.
Some situations require a combination of abilities. In panel discussions, you need to have a clear set of ideas prepared but must also be ready to interact with or even debate other panelists as opportunities arise. Question and answer sessions challenge you to respond immediately, pulling together information at hand and your own knowledge to provide the clearest and most concise answer possible.