Interpretive essays allow the writer to explore a close textual exegesis -- a critical examination or interpretation of the material. Often in essays, books and other works, the author is no longer around or able to explain herself. Interpretive essays allow for a deeper exploration of a text, which may then start a conversation about the material and may reveal new and interesting facts or interpretations about the text.
Interpretive essays are usually non-imperial -- that is, most writers do not claim complete and accurate understanding of the entirety of a text. Therefore, interpretive essays allow debate to be fostered among readers. Much like with the benefits of textual exegesis, this debate allows for diverse angles or dimensions of a text to be revealed and explored.
Interpretive essays are not simply an "anything-goes" affair. While the author is free to explore his ideas about a text, these ideas must be defended with evidence or a credible account of why his position has substance. This process may lead to a better understanding of the facts within and surrounding a text, since effective interpretation requires a deep understanding of what the author is trying to say and the message he is trying to convey in a text.
Interpretive essays foster critical thinking. Essays in which material is merely summarized or pro-con lists are compiled allow the author to rely on past arguments, ideas and interpretations. Original interpretive essays, however, require that an author mobilize and develop his critical thinking skills. A plain reading of a text is not sufficient for an effective interpretive essay, so critical thinking and an exploration of possible alternative meanings and interpretations are essential.