Countable nouns have plural and singular forms. The plural usually adds either "-s" or "-es" to the end of the word, while words ending in "y" lose this letter and add "-ies," such as "berry" to "berries." There are exceptions to the rule, such as "child" becomes "children."
Uncountable nouns have only one form for plural and singular, and are usually used for words that can't be counted, such as "information."
Collective nouns are used for groups of objects, animals or persons, when describing the group as a single item, for example "herd."
Concrete nouns are things that are perceivable through the senses. A person can touch, see, taste, hear or smell them, such as "song" and "window." A person can not physically perceive abstract nouns through the five senses, such as "thought" and "kindness."
Common nouns refer to objects, people and places in a general way, and only begin with a capital letter when they start a sentence, such as "book."
Proper nouns are names of a specific person, place or item, and have their first letter capitalized, for example "June." This includes days of the week, months, historical documents, institutions, organizations, religions and holy texts. Sometimes, two or more common nouns can combine to create a proper noun, such as "the Emerald Hotel."
Possessive nouns change to show ownership or close relationship with something else. In the singular form, possessive nouns add an apostrophe followed by the letter "s," such as "a farmer's." In the plural form the apostrophe comes after the "s," for example in "the ducks'." Possessive nouns can modify other nouns or a gerund, such as in "the dog's barking."