In the glass industry, lead glass is a variety with 18 percent to 40 percent lead content. The addition of lead to glass increases its brilliance; this explains why lead glass is popular in the production of decorative items, such as bowls, vases and wine decanters. Chemical etching or glass carving is a common process in the production of decorative items made of lead glass. Fluorosulfuric acid is used during this process.
Fluorosulfuric acid is employed as a catalyst or reagent in many chemical processes, such as alkylation, sulfonation, isomerization, acylation and polymerization. Alkylation is used in oil refining and biochemical research, while sulfonation is involved in the production of dyes, detergents and some medical drugs. Acylation is mainly used in biochemical laboratories. Polymerization and isomerization processes are involved in the production of plastics and other materials.
Fluorosulfuric acid is a colorless liquid that can dissolve the majority of organic compounds. The temperature it needs to boil, or its "boiling point," is 329.9 degrees Fahrenheit. When in the solid state, it starts to melt when temperatures reach -125.14 degrees Fahrenheit. It reacts with water to produce hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid. Fluorosulfuric acid is denser than water.
Fluorosulfuric acid is not combustible, but is corrosive and toxic. It reacts with metals, releasing the explosive gas hydrogen. The acid is hazardous to the eyes, skin and the respiratory tract. The inhalation of its vapors can cause aching and a swelling throat, shortness of breath and lung oedema. When in contact with eyes and skin, it can cause serious burns.