How to Find the Domain of Rational Functions Without a Graph

Finding the domain of a rational function (a function that has a polynomial in its numerator and a polynomial in its denominator) is a problem that is often found on college entrance examinations. Finding the domain, or the set of numbers that produce a valid numerical result for the rational function, requires that you determine the set of numbers that make the denominator's polynomial equal to the number zero. The domain includes all numbers except this set of numbers.

Instructions

    • 1

      Write down the rational function f(x) = 3x/x^2. Write down the polynomial in the denominator and equate it to 0, "x^2 =0." Solve for the variable x. Observe that the number 0 is the only value for x that will make this equation true. Conclude that the domain of f(x) is all real numbers except the number 0, since f(0) = 3*0/0^2 = 0/0 and dividing by 0 produces an undefined number (which is not a real number).

    • 2

      Write down the rational function f(x) = x/(x-3). Write the polynomial in the denominator and equate it to 0, "x-3 =0." Solve for the variable x. Observe that the number 3 is the only value for x that will make this equation true. Conclude that the domain of f(x) is all real numbers except the number 3, since f(3) = 3/(3-3) = 3/0 and dividing by 0 produces an undefined number.

    • 3

      Record the rational function f(x) = (x^2 + 3)/(x + 10). Write down the polynomial in the denominator and equate it to 0, "x + 10 =0." Solve for the variable x. Observe that the number -10, is the only value for x that will make this equation true. Conclude that the domain of f(x) is all real numbers except the number -10, since f(-10) = 103/(-10 + 10) = 103/0 and dividing by 0 produces an undefined number.

    • 4

      Write the rational function f(x) = (x^2 + 3)/(x^2 -1). Write down the polynomial in the denominator and equate it to 0, "x^2 - 1 =0." Solve for the variable x. Observe that the number -1 and the number 1 are the only two values that will make this equation true. Conclude that the domain of f(x) is all real numbers except the numbers 1 and -1 since f(1) = 4/(1 -1) = 1/0 and f(-1) = 4/(1 -1) = 1/0 and dividing by 0 produces undefined numbers.

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