Educate yourself about the Ming Dynasty. Learning about history, religion and culture will help teach you about themes that are reflected in Ming dynasty antiques.
Compare the antique to pictures of similar antiques you find online. Look at antiques on websites on such as Asian Antiques.
Access websites such as Collecting Antique Chinese Porcelain to check for common traits in Ming Dynasty antiques. For example, the seal on the bottom of vases should be handwritten, not printed, on Ming vases.
Use a black light to check the authenticity of antiques. For example, fine lines, which indicate repairs, may only show up under black light. Similarly, paintings and paper products should not turn fluorescent. or they were likely made recently. Do not use a short wave black light, as it may damage your eyes or skin.
Visit a professional art appraiser or antique dealer. They are trained to authenticate and appraise antiques. This is the most reliable way to identify Ming Dynasty antiques.